Yes, lenders can charge an "application fee" which is nonrefundable if the loan doesn't go through. Any money that you have to pay upfront is probably nonrefundable. These charges used to be automatic and every lender charged them, but with the increased competition due to the internet, they are rare today. If you contact a lender that wants an upfront fee, go to another lender. If Obama succeeds in his attempt to regulate the internet, application fees will become common again.
Answered on Jul 27th, 2015 at 2:59 PM