A person who can't pay his or her bills, doesn't always need to file a petition in bankruptcy. Depending on the circumstances, however, filing a bankruptcy case can help you extinguish debt and get a "fresh start." You need to consult with a bankruptcy attorney to determine whether you qualify for the filing of a bankruptcy case and whether you could benefit from the filing of a bankruptcy case. There are four different types of bankruptcy cases that could be filed by an individual person. You need the advice of bankruptcy counsel to determine which, if any, is appropriate for you. Two types, also referred to as Chapters (relating to different Chapters of the US Bankruptcy Code), are most common, and are the ones that likely apply to you and most other consumer debtors. The two Chapters that likely apply to you are Chapter 7 and Chapter 13. The United States Bankruptcy Court publishes an explanation of the the nature of the four bankruptcy Chapters available to individual debtors. Bankruptcy attorneys in California are required to present a copy of the publication to their clients and to discuss with their clients the contents of the publication in order to help their clients choose the type of bankruptcy case that is most appropriate for them. The title of the publication is "Notice of Available Chapters." The information in the Notice, which applies to your question is the following: There are Four Chapters of the Bankruptcy Code Available to Individual Consumer Debtors: I. Chapter 7: Liquidation (Total Court Fee = $306) 1. Chapter 7 is designed for debtors in financial difficulty who do not have the ability to pay their existing debts. Debtors whose debts are primarily consumer debts are subject to a "means test" designed to determine whether the case should be permitted to proceed under chapter 7. If your income is greater than the median income for your state of residence and family size, in some cases, creditors have the right to file a motion requesting that the court dismiss your case under 707(b) of the Code. It is up to the court to decide whether the case should be dismissed. 2. Under chapter 7, you may claim certain of your property as exempt under governing law. A trustee may have the right to take possession of and sell the remaining property that is not exempt and use the sale proceeds to pay your creditors. 3. The purpose of filing a chapter 7 case is to obtain a discharge of your existing debts. If, however, you are found to have committed certain kinds of improper conduct described in the Bankruptcy Code, the court may deny your discharge and, if it does, the purpose for which you filed the bankruptcy petition will be defeated. 4. Even if you receive a general discharge, some particular debts are not discharged under the law. Therefore, you may still be responsible for most taxes and student loans; debts incurred to pay nondischargeable taxes; domestic support and property settlement obligations; most fines, penalties, forfeitures, and criminal restitution obligations; certain debts which are not properly listed in your bankruptcy papers; and debts for death or personal injury caused by operating a motor vehicle, vessel, or aircraft while intoxicated from alcohol or drugs. Also, if a creditor can prove that a debt arose from fraud, breach of fiduciary duty, or theft, or from a willful and malicious injury, the bankruptcy court may determine that the debt is not discharged. II. Chapter 13: Repayment of All or Part of the Debts of an Individual with Regular Income (Total Court Fee = $281) 1. Chapter 13 is designed for individuals with regular income who would like to pay all or part of their debts in installments over a period of time. You are only eligible for chapter 13 if your debts do not exceed certain dollar amounts set forth in the Bankruptcy Code. 2. Under chapter 13, you must file with the court a plan to repay your creditors all or part of the money that you owe them, us
Answered on Aug 25th, 2012 at 1:41 AM