Will bankruptcy affect my potential for career advancement?

It's illegal for an employer to discriminate because you've filed bankruptcy. So, sophisticated employers avoid accessing anything which would contain that information (don't ask on applications, don't look at credit reports, etc.) to protect themselves from lawsuits.

For some occupations, maybe. Those occupations where you have access to customer's money (indirectly). And some occupations which require a high level security clearance. Usually not.

There are no guarantees. Certainly there is potential effect and there extent cannot be predicted. I would need more information to even hazard a guess.

It's not supposed to. There is a law (11 USC sec. 525) which prohibits discrimination against people in matters of employment just because they filed a bankruptcy. I think such discrimination is very rare. But if a boss wants to be rid of someone, they can usually find a reason. Good Luck.

There is no rule regarding this but from a practical standpoint, employers generally consider financial issues when hiring. Thus, employers routinely pull credit reports on prospective hires and it is quite common for people not to be hired because of bad credit, and a bankruptcy filing is as bad as you can get. Think long and hard before you decide to file a petition and make sure you speak with a bankruptcy attorney before you take any action that will affect your credit profile for up to ten years. Good luck!