Can a lawsuit be filed in Florida for a purchase made in California?

Probably.  The question is whether the gallery has sufficient contacts with the State of Florida to allow the State to exercise jurisdiction over it (assuming that Florida's long arm jurisdiction statute provides for Florida to exercise jurisdiction to the constitutionally allowed limit, as most do).  Given that the claim arises from the gallery's sale of goods to a  Florida resident, that is probably enough by itself, without even considering any other Florida contacts, such as other sales, or purchases, from Florida, advertising in Florida, etc.