I created a process for my former employer and it appears in their copyrighted documentation. Can I use that same process at my new employer

Assuming that this is a valid copyright, and that you created the process for your former employer, and did not have an agreement by which you owned all or part of that intellectual property, it belongs to your former employer.  You cannot use your former employer's intellectual property (whether it be a copyright, patent, trademark, or some other form) for your new employer without your former employer's permission.