will I go to jail if someone accused me of stealing things from their house and had me arrested on serious but false charges?

There are many factors that a judge weighs in deciding a sentence. You say the charges are false. If that is the case, a good lawyer may be able to make the question moot. You must first be proven guilty before any sentence is imposed. Even if found guilty, you may be placed on probation instead of being sent to jail. You should have a good criminal defense attorney to protect your rights. You can contact me at (508) 752-7500 to discuss this further.