You will need to file for divorce and request that the court permit you to either publish notice of the proposed divorce or follow through with Rule 4.04(c) of the Minnesota Rules of Civil Procedure regarding service of legal papers on someone outside of the United States.
There is no such thing as an automatic divorce. In your situation, the fact that he was deported and not likely in the country will make your divorce more difficult, not easier. Good luck.
You are not divorced until and unless a judge enters a final judgment or final decree of divorce. So, no you are not divorced and need to file a legal action.
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