Are there any court decisions in California about a beneficiary dying before the insured?

If the insured is still living, then the beneficiary's heirs likely have no rights under the policy. Among other things, the insured likely has the right to amend the beneficiary designation to name a new beneficiary. The policy itself may also state what happens if a beneficiary predeceases the insured. If the policy is silent, then when the insured passes away, the proceeds of the policy will become part of the insured's estate and will pass through the insured's will and probate.

Typically, the proceeds from the life insurance policy would be interplead into court to have an administrator of the estate, if there is an estate, with court approval, to determine who the remainder beneficiaries, ie second level down (children) of deceased brothers or sisters who would take by right of representation. Suggest you obtain the services of a probate lawyer to fully research your question.

The insured should just name a new beneficiary. If that person is incapable of doing that, then you should consult an attorney about whether or not the person's agent or conservator can do it for them.

If a life insurance beneficiary dies before the insured then that beneficiary receives no payment from the insurance. The insurance company would look to see if there is a contingent beneficiary listed. If not, most companies pay the insurance money to the insured's estate. If total assets exceed $150,000 then a full probate is required. If under $150,000 then a small estate affidavit procedure would work, at least in California. I hope this helps you.

The proceeds are to be paid according to the terms of the policy. Generally, if the named beneficiary dies prior to distribution then the proceeds would be payable to the beneficiary's estate, but this should be spelled out in the policy. It is likely that a probate will need to be done on the beneficiary's estate and the representative of the estate will need to have authority granted by the court to collect the policy.