A quitclaim deed cannot transfer title. The only thing it can do is note that the signer quits making a claim to ownership. That is why it is best used with disputed easements and rights of way.
The owner of a life estate (your mother, since a quitclaim deed cannot transfer title) cannot do anything which would damage the rights of the remaindermen. (Note that the situation is different if this is not a simple life estate but a general warranty deed reserving extended life estate a/k/a Lady Bird Deed. Your mother could revoke that at any time before her death.)
On your mother's death (which terminates the life estate), your brother could file a claim against her estate for "loans" for improvements -- but would have to show tbey were not gifts.
Show the actual documents to a local real estate lawyer so that she can advise you based on the facts.
This is general information. It cannot substitute for a personal consultation with an attorney. It is not intended to be legal advice or imply an attorney-client relationship.
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