A father can file a petition for child support if he has physical custody of a 17 year old child. Either parent can file for child support until the child is 21 (under NY law).
In New York, child support runs until the child is 21 years old. Provided the child is not "emancipated" and is living with the mother, then she can get child support.
In New York State, a non-custodial parent is responsible for child support of a unemancipated child until the child reaches the age of 21, or becomes emanciapted. So in your case, not only could the father have to start paying child support while the child is 17, but could have to start paying child support anytime between 17 and the 21st birthday. Keep in mind, however, that the father will only be responsible for child support starting from the date that the mother files a petition for child support, and not for all the years prior to filing.
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