It does not matter which state you were married in, a divorce must be obtained where at least one of the parties currently resides. The residency requirement in Virginia is six-months, meaning that one of the parties must be a bona fide resident and domiciliary of Virginia for at least six months prior to filing for a divorce in Virginia. If you now reside in South Carolina, then you would have to file for divorce there or where your spouse resides. Each state has its own residency requirement.
If you are incarcerated that adds an additional layer of complication to the case, because incarcerated people are considered to be legally incapacitated, just as if you were a child, mentally deficient, or inebriated. This means that generally you cannot file or respond to lawsuits on your own behalf, with the exception of legal actions pertaining to your incarceration, such as petitioning for Habeas Corpus. You must have a Guardian ad Litem appointed by the court to represent you. This is done pretty routinely when the nonincarcerated spouse is the one filing for the divorce, but I have honestly never seen the incarcerated spouse be the one to file.
This answer is given in accordance with the laws of Virginia and may not be applicable in any other state. It should not be construed as legal advice, as that would require a more thorough analysis of all of the facts involved in a specific case.
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