Can I apply for my mothers green card while she is here on a 10 years visa?

If you are a United States citizen over the age of 21 you can file a petition for your mother and there would be a visa available for her immediately. You should wait until she is here to begin the process since you don't want the immigration officer in the airport to think that she is coming with an immigrant intent.

This is a complicated question because when she comes in February she is coming as a visitor and must have nonimmigrant intent to return to her home country. If you apply the I-130 for her before she comes there is a chance she will be turned away at the border as the I-130 indicates a conflicting immigrant intent. If she travels here fully intending to return and then after she gets here you both decide that it is the right time to sponsor her for permanent residency this is an option and both steps of the permanent residency application may be applied for her. Alternatively you can file the I-13 after she arrives but have her return as scheduled to consular process her application and come back as an immigrant once approved. We would be happy to assist you both. Set up a time to consult and we can review the pros and cons of the various scenarios.

There is no best option, and which one you choose depends on many factors. If you mother's comes to the U.S. as a visitor in February with the intention of not leaving the U.S. because you will be petitioning her, she runs the risks of being denied a Green Card if the USCIS believes she lied when she came as a visitor. Filing a petition for her before she comes as a visitor could also cause problems when she arrives in the U.S. On the other hand is is not against the immigration law for a parent of a US who came as a visitor to be petition for her Green Card while in the U.S. I recommend you speak to an Immigration Attorney before making a decision.