Do I still have a chance get my citizenship after one year probation or should I wait another 5 years?

You are correct in understanding that even a single criminal offense, and especially one potentially involving moral turpitude, such as a theft-related offense can have serious immigration consequences. A full analysis of the consequences of your petty theft offense, resulting in a year of probation, would require careful review of a full set of court-certified disposition document (you would need those documents anyway in connection with any naturalization or other application you may file). I certainly hope that you were represented by a criminal defense attorney familiar with the immigration consequences of criminal matters or that your criminal defense attorney collaborated with an immigration attorney for that purpose. If that was done, then perhaps the ramifications of the arrest will have been minimized. Note that some criminal offenses not only can make a foreign national ineligible for naturalization, but even can have more harsh consequences. It would be a mistake to apply for naturalization (not an application to get a U.S. passport - that can happen only after a foreign national becomes sworn-in as a naturalized citizen) - without representation by an immigration attorney.