Unless your mom's parents are US citizens, she will need to obtain lawful permanent residency first and then wait another 5 years to apply for US citizenship.
No. She must first apply for permanent resident status. However, if she is disqualified, she may be deported. I strongly recommend an appointment before anything is filed.
No one can skip residency, so she would need to determine a way to become a green card holder first. (There are rare instances where a person is already a USC, but that has a lot to do with parental history!)
Generally, one first must become a Lawful Permanent Resident (get a "Green Card") before becoming eligible to petition to become a naturalized citizen. The naturalization process requires an applicant to have been a Permanent Resident for five years before becoming eligible; the period is three years for certain spouses of U.S. Citizens. An applicant may file the petition 90 days before reaching the 5-year or 3-year mark. If your mother has been living in the U.S. for 20 years, it will be important to carefully review her situation before applying for Permanent Resident status. It would be wise for her to review her situation with an immigration attorney to assess eligibility. Some immigration law firms, including mine, offer legal services on a "flat fee" basis so that a client will know the total expense from the very beginning, and a few immigration law firms, including mine, offer an initial consultation free of charge.
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