No. If you stay outside longer than a year you may voluntarily give up your residency. You need to file for citizenship or at least a re-entry permit. This will allow you to stay outside for 2 years. Then, you can come back again and file for an extension.
No. You need to obtain a reentry permit to allow you to remain out of the U.S. for up to 2 years. There are also steps you will need to take to demonstrate that you do not intend to abandon your green card such as continuing to pay U.S. taxes on your worldwide income, not filing taxes as a Nonresident Alien, other ties to the U.S.. Before the 2 year period of the Reentry Permit expires you will need to return to the U.S. re-apply for a Reentry Permit and be fingerprinted and then can return to Mexico and have the new Permit sent to you. I suggest a consult to make sure you do everything necessary to hold onto your green card if that is your goal.
You cannot stay outside the US for more than 6 months without risking losing your permanent residence status. You can try to apply for a reentry permit while you are in the US and if you are approved, you will be permitted to stay outside the US for up to 2 years (can be renewed thereafter) without having to return to the US.
Your green card will not be valid for re-entry after an absence of one year and you run the risk of abandoning your resident status. You should apply for a re-entry permit before leaving. This will allow you to remain outside the U.S. for up to two years. You need to return to the U.S. in order to apply for a second two year term. In any event should you make sure to maintain significant ties in the U.S. and always file your U.S. tax return as a resident.
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