If I have been a US citizen for 10 years, can I petition to bring my parents and brother from France?

They are your immediate relatives and will not be very lengthy. Brother if an adult not a minor will take a preference position and may take years.

A USA citizen can file a petition for parents and a brother. It is not unreasonably difficult but there is lots of paperwork. It's like doing a complex tax return. The brother case takes many years. Parents' case takes 8-24 months, on average.

Your petition for your parents, if approved, can be expected to give them an opportunity to become permanent residents of the U.S. sometime from 8 months to 1.5 years. Your brother, however, would have to wait over 13 years before his turn would come. The process is rather straightforward; and you might complete it just by following the instructions posted on the USCIS website. One difficulty that arises frequently in this type of cases is the petitioner's inability to qualify as the sole sponsor on the affidavit of support: as a condition to approval of your parents' green cards, the Government would require you to promise that they will not become "public burden" (meaning that you will support them financially until they become U.S. citizens, and they will not ask for welfare, SSI, food stamps, Medicaid, or subsidized housing); you must show that you have income (or assets) above the current federal poverty guidelines ( http://www.uscis.gov/sites/default/files/files/form/i-864p.pdf; add 2 to the number of people in your family, and look for the amount in the 125% column). If you do not earn enough, you will have to find a co-sponsor who does. Other difficulties might arise is your parents are not citizens of France, have communicable diseases, criminal convictions, or history of violations of immigration laws. If any of this applies in your parents' case, I would strongly recommend engaging an immigration attorney before these difficulties stall the process for months or derail it completely.

You can petition for both parents and siblings. Your parents should be in the US within a year. Your brother will take considerably longer. Depending on his age, it might make sense for your parents to also petition for him once they arrive as Permanent Residents.

If you are over 21 years old, you can apply for your parents and when the petition is approved they can apply for immigrant visas. You can file a petition for your brother now, but he will have to wait more than 10 years to apply for an immigrant visa.

Yes, the parents can come as immediate relatives. Brother will take at least 10 years if law is not changed.

Parents you can do while they are visiting the US. Brother is a different story (11 year process).

As a US citizen, you can petition for both your parents and brother from France to immigrate to the US. The petitions are filed on form I-130. It normally takes about 1 year for the paperwork to be processed before your parents will have their visa interviews scheduled at the US consulate. It's currently taking about 13 years for siblings of US citizens.