You can petition for him but he will not be eligible to adjust status within the US if he entered the US unlawfully. He will need to go back to his home country to consular process but as soon as he leaves the US he will automatically trigger a 10 year bar to reentry unless he can prove extreme hardship to a US citizen spouse. This is fairly difficult to do in most cases. Unless he is not yet 18 or not more than 180 days after his 18th birthday, he can still leave the US and not be barred.
Most likely no. Without knowing anything about him, he will have to leave the U.S. to do consular processing. If has been living in the U.S. over 6 months beyond his 18th birthday, he will have to file for a waiver proving that you will suffer extreme hardship.
It depends on the exact facts of his entry and if anyone filed anything for him prior to April 30, 2001 and if he has any other immigration or criminal violations.
Maybe - I would need to review the complete immigration and criminal history for him, whether any family members have ever filed petitions for him, are his parents or grandparents U.S. citizens or permanent residents, the details of how he entered the U.S. (I know it was without papers but we need to determine if he was in fact "inspected, "etc. This will tell me whether he is eligible to file in the U.S. or must go overseas. If he is under 18 years and 6 months he needs to seek legal advice immediately as he may be able to avoid the need for a waiver even if he must go overseas.
This is a large problem. You can sponsor him but he will not be able to adjust in the country and will in all likelihood have to do consular processing.
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