What is the fastest way to get my Mexican husband back to the US?

Why was he sent back? Was he covered/protected under 245i if you had filed on his behalf in 2001? Was the filing before April 30, 2001?

From the information you provided, it looks like you would need to petition the government for a waiver of inadmissibility after deportation. If your I-130 petition was filed before April 30, 2001, your attorney might have a different way to approach the problem that will make better the chances of getting your husband back into the U.S. before the year 2018. But I don't think you can handle this case without a professional help.

A lot more information is needed in order to properly evaluate your husband's chances on returning back to the U.S.

I sorry to hear about your situation. In your question, you said, "he was sent back", so I am assuming that your husband was deported to Mexico. In your posting you didn't say, when he was send back, but I am assuming that it was in 2007. But, how soon he can return, depends on the reasons for deportation. For example, a person who is deported for an aggravated felony has a life-time bar to reentry. In your husband's case, if he was deported for just being illegally present in the U.S., or for some minor criminal offense (but not an "aggravated felony"), you could file an application for "waiver" of the 10-year bar and also the inadmissibility due to criminal offense (if applicable). The waiver is based on showing "extreme and unusual hardship" to you (the U.S. citizen spouse). If he is granted the waiver, then he would be able to return sooner.

If the I-130 was approved and is still valid, the file should have gone to the NVC to start the IV process.

You would need to continue processing your Husband's case through the National Visa center in order for an interview to be scheduled at the local US Embassy in Mexico.

You need an immigration attorney to help you out to re-file your spousal petition and take care that you will be informed this time.