What is the fastest way to petition my boyfriend?

How are you coming to the US? In what status? If he overstayed in the US by more than a year, he is barred from reentry for 10 years unless he can show extreme hardship to a US citizen spouse.

In the end, you will find that the fastest way for your boyfriend to come to the US is for you to consult in full detail with an experienced immigration attorney. Conversely, the longest, most time consuming and very expensive way will be for you to attempt to do things either on your own or without proper legal guidance.

Much faster if you are married to him and you're a USA citizen.

The simplest way is to marry him while you are still in the Philippines, and then file an I-130 petition on his behalf. Based on my experience, it normally takes about 9-12 months to process an I-130 through USCIS and the NVC before his case will be scheduled for an interview at the U.S. embassy in Manila. Because he overstayed and was unlawfully present in the U.S. in excess of 1 year, he is subject to the 10-year bar and must remain outside of the U.S. for the entire time unless he applies for and is granted a waiver by USCIS based on extreme hardship to you if his waiver application was denied. The consulate will inform him of the bar at the time of his interview and will give him instructions on how to file the waiver, if he is eligible. This process is notoriously difficult, so you should seek professional help.