A company that closed owes me back pay, can I get it from them now that they re-opened under a different name?

The name matters not. What matters is the form of business, which is usually one of these: 1) Sole proprietor 2) Partnership 3) Corporation . If #1, proprietor: The same individual is doing business under another name, you may go after that individual for back wages. If #2, partnership: You may go after any partner If #3, corporation: These are different entities, any you have no remedy against the corp. I suggest you speak with an attorney, since the above is an over-simplification. This answer is based on GA law.