Can a sub-contractor worker sue if he was working on the roof and went to reach for his tool that was falling off the roof and fell?

What negligence was there on the part of the homeowner? You had control and the homeowner did nothing. If their insurance was reinstated, that means it was not in effect before. You can make a Workers' Compensation claim with your company but I do not think you can against the homeowners WC coverage as you were not working for them.