I sued someone (civil) and they responded with an answer but did not sign the certificate of service nor did they swear to the answers. There was a place for them to sign but they left it blank. They did not send it registered mail. Is it invalid?
Generally, an answer subjects the party filing the answer to the jurisdication of the court just as if the party had been served with the summons. So, absent something unusual, the defendant has, in essence, been served.
Only attorney's can certify service. The party should have submitted a declaration or affidavit of service. That does have to be signed. The answer/response has to be signed as well. The civil rules of procedure requires, generally under rule 11, that documents be signed affirming they are true and accurate.
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